High blood pressure: Its symptoms, causes and treatment

Learn about the symptoms, causes and treatment options of hypertension or high blood pressure from the best cardiologist in Newtown.

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, often presents without symptoms but can pose serious risks, such as stroke and heart attack, if left untreated. According to the best cardiologist in Newtown, a significant number of adults with hypertension are unaware of their condition, underscoring the importance of regular checkups. Implementing dietary adjustments, engaging in physical activity, and considering medication are effective measures to maintain optimal blood pressure levels.

Symptoms:

Hypertension is often called a silent condition due to the lack of noticeable symptoms in its early stages. However, severe cases may manifest with flushing, subconjunctival haemorrhage (blood spots in the eyes), or dizziness. Contrary to common belief, headaches and nosebleeds are not typical symptoms of high blood pressure, except in hypertensive crises.

Diagnosing High Blood Pressure:

Regular blood pressure readings are crucial for early detection. The two numbers in a blood pressure reading, systolic (top) and diastolic (bottom), help categorise blood pressure levels. According to the health experts at the best heart hospital in New Town, healthy readings are around 120/80 mm Hg. When blood pressure is elevated, 130/80 mm Hg to 139/89 mm Hg indicate Stage 1 Hypertension, 140/90 mm Hg or higher indicate Stage 2 Hypertension and 180/120 mm Hg or higher indicate Hypertensive Crisis. Diagnosis is rarely based on a single reading, and additional tests such as cholesterol screening, EKG, ultrasound and 24-hour blood pressure monitoring may be required.

Causes of High Blood Pressure:

There are two types of hypertension – essential (primary) and secondary. Essential hypertension, the more common type, develops over time and is influenced by various factors such as genetics, age, obesity, high alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle and high sodium intake. Secondary hypertension can occur suddenly and may be caused by conditions like kidney disease, sleep apnea, thyroid problems, medications, or adrenal gland issues.

Pregnancy and Hypertension:

Pregnant individuals with hypertension require close monitoring as it can lead to complications for both the parent and the baby. Conditions like preeclampsia may develop, necessitating careful management and, in severe cases, early delivery.

Effects of High Blood Pressure on the Body:

Unchecked hypertension can lead to various complications, including damaged arteries, an enlarged heart, and impaired brain function. The risks include heart attack, stroke, heart failure, arrhythmias, and even sudden cardiac death. Early detection and management are crucial in reducing these risks.

Treatment Options:

Treatment for hypertension involves lifestyle modifications and, in some cases, medication. Lifestyle changes include adopting a heart-healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins, increasing physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, managing stress, quitting smoking and limiting alcohol intake.

Medications may be prescribed based on the type and severity of hypertension. Common medications include beta-blockers, diuretics, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, calcium channel blockers, and alpha-2 agonists. Finding the proper medication or combination may involve a trial-and-error process.

High blood pressure is a common health issue, but its impact can be mitigated through awareness, regular monitoring and proactive lifestyle changes. If diagnosed with hypertension, a personalised treatment plan incorporating both lifestyle modifications and, if necessary, medications can help manage and potentially reverse this condition, according to the best cardiologist in Newtown. Regular checkups and adherence to a heart-healthy lifestyle are essential to prevent severe complications associated with hypertension.